Conditional operations are fundamental in programming, allowing the execution of specific code blocks based on certain conditions. In the context of microchip programming, particularly with Microchip's PIC microcontrollers, conditional operations are crucial for creating responsive and efficient embedded systems. This article will guide you through the implementation of conditional operations using MPLAB X IDE and XC8 compiler, which are standard tools for developing applications on Microchip's PIC microcontrollers.

Examples:

1. Simple If-Else Condition:

   #include <xc.h>
   
   void main(void) {
      TRISBbits.TRISB0 = 0; // Set RB0 as output
      TRISAbits.TRISA0 = 1; // Set RA0 as input
   
      while (1) {
          if (PORTAbits.RA0 == 1) {
              LATBbits.LATB0 = 1; // Turn on LED connected to RB0
          } else {
              LATBbits.LATB0 = 0; // Turn off LED connected to RB0
          }
      }
   }

   In this example, we use a simple if-else condition to control an LED based on the input from a switch connected to RA0.

2. Switch-Case Statement:

   #include <xc.h>
   
   void main(void) {
      TRISB = 0x00; // Set PORTB as output
      TRISA = 0xFF; // Set PORTA as input
   
      while (1) {
          switch (PORTA) {
              case 0x01:
                  LATB = 0x01; // Turn on LED1
                  break;
              case 0x02:
                  LATB = 0x02; // Turn on LED2
                  break;
              case 0x03:
                  LATB = 0x03; // Turn on LED1 and LED2
                  break;
              default:
                  LATB = 0x00; // Turn off all LEDs
                  break;
          }
      }
   }

   This example demonstrates the use of a switch-case statement to control multiple LEDs based on different input conditions.

3. Nested If-Else Conditions:

   #include <xc.h>
   
   void main(void) {
      TRISBbits.TRISB0 = 0; // Set RB0 as output
      TRISBbits.TRISB1 = 0; // Set RB1 as output
      TRISAbits.TRISA0 = 1; // Set RA0 as input
      TRISAbits.TRISA1 = 1; // Set RA1 as input
   
      while (1) {
          if (PORTAbits.RA0 == 1) {
              if (PORTAbits.RA1 == 1) {
                  LATBbits.LATB0 = 1; // Turn on LED connected to RB0
                  LATBbits.LATB1 = 1; // Turn on LED connected to RB1
              } else {
                  LATBbits.LATB0 = 1; // Turn on LED connected to RB0
                  LATBbits.LATB1 = 0; // Turn off LED connected to RB1
              }
          } else {
              LATBbits.LATB0 = 0; // Turn off LED connected to RB0
              LATBbits.LATB1 = 0; // Turn off LED connected to RB1
          }
      }
   }

   Here, nested if-else conditions are used to control two LEDs based on the states of two input switches.