Weather monitoring is an essential aspect of our daily lives. It helps us stay informed about the current weather conditions and enables us to plan our activities accordingly. With the advancements in technology, we can now create our own weather monitoring systems using Arduino. Arduino is a popular platform for building electronic projects due to its simplicity and versatility.

By using Arduino, we can gather data from various sensors and display it in a user-friendly format. This allows us to monitor temperature, humidity, pressure, and other weather parameters in real-time. Additionally, we can log this data for further analysis or integration with other systems.

To align weather monitoring with the Arduino environment, we need to select sensors that are compatible with Arduino boards and have libraries available for easy integration. There are numerous sensors available in the market that can be used for weather monitoring, such as DHT11/DHT22 for temperature and humidity, BMP180/BMP280 for pressure, and rain sensors for detecting rainfall.

Project: Weather Monitoring System

In this project, we will create a weather monitoring system using Arduino. The objective is to measure temperature, humidity, and pressure and display the data on an LCD screen. Additionally, we will log the data to an SD card for further analysis.

Functionalities:

1. Measure temperature, humidity, and pressure using appropriate sensors.
2. Display the data on an LCD screen.
3. Log the data to an SD card for future reference.

Components List:

1. Arduino Uno x1
2. DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor x1
3. BMP180 Pressure Sensor x1
4. LCD Display (16x2) x1
5. SD Card Module x1
6. Breadboard x1
7. Jumper Wires

Examples:

1. Reading Temperature and Humidity using DHT11 Sensor:

#include <DHT.h>

#define DHTPIN 2
#define DHTTYPE DHT11

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  dht.begin();
}

void loop() {
  float temperature = dht.readTemperature();
  float humidity = dht.readHumidity();

  Serial.print("Temperature: ");
  Serial.print(temperature);
  Serial.print(" °C, Humidity: ");
  Serial.print(humidity);
  Serial.println(" %");

  delay(2000);
}

This code uses the DHT library to read temperature and humidity from the DHT11 sensor connected to pin 2 of the Arduino. The values are then printed on the serial monitor.

2. Reading Pressure using BMP180 Sensor:

#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_BMP085.h>

Adafruit_BMP085 bmp;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  if (!bmp.begin()) {
    Serial.println("Could not find a valid BMP085 sensor, check wiring!");
    while (1);
  }
}

void loop() {
  float pressure = bmp.readPressure() / 100.0;

  Serial.print("Pressure: ");
  Serial.print(pressure);
  Serial.println(" hPa");

  delay(2000);
}

This code uses the Adafruit BMP085 library to read pressure from the BMP180 sensor. The pressure value is then printed on the serial monitor.

3. Displaying Data on LCD Screen:

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

void setup() {
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
  lcd.print("Temperature: ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("Humidity: ");
}

void loop() {
  float temperature = 25.5;
  float humidity = 50.0;

  lcd.setCursor(13, 0);
  lcd.print(temperature);
  lcd.setCursor(10, 1);
  lcd.print(humidity);

  delay(2000);
}

This code uses the LiquidCrystal_I2C library to display temperature and humidity on a 16x2 LCD screen. The values are hardcoded for demonstration purposes.