Electronics is a fundamental field in engineering that deals with the study and application of electrical circuits and devices. It is a crucial discipline that underpins many modern technologies and is essential for anyone interested in working with electronic systems. Understanding electronics allows engineers to design, build, and troubleshoot a wide range of devices, from simple circuits to complex systems.

Project: LED Blinking using Arduino In this project, we will create a simple circuit using an Arduino board to control the blinking of an LED. The objective is to introduce beginners to basic electronics concepts and demonstrate how to use Arduino to control external components.

List of components:

• Arduino Uno board x1
• LED x1
• Resistor (220 ohm) x1
• Breadboard x1
• Jumper wires x3

Examples:

// Example 1: Blinking LED

// Define the pin to which the LED is connected
int ledPin = 13;

// Setup function runs once at the beginning of the program
void setup() {
  // Set the LED pin as an output
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}

// Loop function runs repeatedly after the setup function
void loop() {
  // Turn on the LED
  digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

  // Wait for 1 second
  delay(1000);

  // Turn off the LED
  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

  // Wait for 1 second
  delay(1000);
}

Explanation:

• In this example, we first define the pin (13) to which the LED is connected.
• In the setup function, we set the LED pin as an output using the pinMode function.
• The loop function is where the main code execution happens. In this case, we turn on the LED by setting the pin to HIGH, wait for 1 second using the delay function, turn off the LED by setting the pin to LOW, and wait for another 1 second.
• This process repeats indefinitely, resulting in the LED blinking at a 1-second interval.